In summer, People is easily sweating. And will appear the embarrassing situation which cause of the clothes was fading because of perspiration.The composition of human sweat is complex.The main component is salt.Sweat is acidic and alkaline due to difference of people. On the one hand. The clothes which unqualified color fastness seriously affects beautiful.Effect wearing. On the other hand. The dye which on clothes will be transfer from textile to human body through perspiration.Dye molecules and heavy metal ions maybe absorb by human through skin. Harm to human health. Therefore, It is necessary that to test the perspiration color fastness of fabric. Perspiration Fastness Tester is widely apply to test the fabric color fastness against sweat,sea water,saliva,water. Combine the sample with the specified lining fabric.After treatment with the test solution. Remove the test solution and sandwiched in the middle of the sample plate. Pressing for a certain time with the specified pressure.Check the color change of sample and fabrics which after drying separately. The current perspiration test method include:GB/T 3922-2013、ISO 105-E04-2013、AATCC 15-2013、BS EN ISO 105-E04-2009、QB/T 2924-2007. Testing Equipment:GT-D09 AATCC Perspiration Tester which match with GT-D10 Drying Oven.

The abrasion of the fabric refers to the phenomenon that the fabric is repeatedly rubbed between the fabrics or with other materials, and the fabric is gradually worn and damaged. The test principle of the abrasion resistance of the textile refers to the ability of the textile to resist abrasion under the action of repeated friction of mechanical force. During the use of the fabric, the fabric will be subjected to various external factors, especially the friction of the objects that are in contact with the surrounding objects, causing the fabric to be worn or damaged to varying degrees, affecting the performance of the fabric. Testing the abrasion resistance of the fabric can improve the utilization efficiency of the textile and is an important indicator of the quality of the textile product. The abrasion resistance test of textiles is to cause the abrasion and wear phenomenon of textiles under repeated mechanical friction to be mainly damaged, lightened, faded, pilling and so on. Textiles for different purposes have different requirements for wear resistance, and the methods of detection are different. There are many kinds of test methods for wear resistance, such as flat grinding, curved grinding, turning grinding, etc. There are two main methods commonly used: Martindale flat grinding method and Taber wear method. 一.Martindale flat grinding method (1) Test equipment: There are many types of fabric flat grinding instruments. At present, the most used in the testing industry is the Martindale Abrasion Tester. Therefore, the flat grinding method is often called the Martindale wear-resistant method. (2) Test principle: a circular sample installed in the sample holder of the Martindale Abrasion Tester, under the specified load, with the plane motion of the Lissajous pattern and the abrasive (ie standard fabric) Friction, the specimen holder is free to rotate about its axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The wear resistance of the fabric is determined based on the total number of times the sample is broken. (3) Martindale Test method: During the test, a certain size of the test sample is brought into contact with the standard abrasive under the specified pressure, and the sample is moved relative to the abrasive by the Lisharu trajectory, so that the test sample is uniformly worn in multiple directions. 二、Taber wear method: (1) Test equipment: Taber abrasion testing machine (2) Test principle: pre-grinding 25 turns, the test sample is placed on the horizontal platform of the TABER wear tester, and the two grinding wheels are given a specific pressure pressure on the test piece. The axis of the grinding wheel is horizontal and horizontal. Parallel, one grinding wheel faces outward and the other faces inward, recording all changes of the test piece within a certain period of time. (3) Taber Wear Test method: A sample having an outer diameter of 108 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm was cut with a cutter. Then attach a hard sticker of the s...

Jeans are popular with consumers because of  their durability, fashion, and universality.However, in recent years, with the enhancement of people's consumption awareness, there are more and more complaints about the quality of jeans, and the most concentrated two aspects are the color fastness and strength.What is the cause of the quality problem of jeans?How to explain it? Washing Color Fastness Tester The testing of washing color fastness is to combined the textile sample with two specified single fiber lining fabrics or a multi-fiber lining fabric, immerse in water, squeeze out water, place it between the two plates of the test device, and withstand the specified pressure. Put the test device with the combined sample into the incubator, keep it at a specified temperature °C for a certain period of time, separate the sample and the lining fabric separately, and evaluate the discoloration and lining of the sample with a gray sample card or spectrophotometer, stained.The equipment used: Washing Color Fastness Tester GT-D07. Perspiration Tester Color fastness of perspiration test includes acid fast and alkali-resistant perspiration color fastness: The principle is to suture the textile sample with the standard lining, and put it in an acid test solution containing histidine at pH (5.5±0.2) and an alkaline test solution having a pH of (8.0±0.2). Dispose of separately in the test solution.After removes the sample from solution, it is placed between the two plates in the test device to be subjected to a prescribed pressure.The device with the combined sample was placed in an incubator and held at (37 ± 2) °C for 4 h. The sample is then unrolled and suspended in air at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C to dry. The color change of each sample and the staining of the lining fabric were evaluated using a gray sample card or instrument. The equipment used: Perspiration Tester GT-D09. Crockmeter Rubbing Fastness Tester Crockmeter rubbing fastness means the degree of discoloration when the fabric rubs against other fabrics in the dry state.The standard test method is: prepare one piece of (50mm ± 2mm) × (50mm ± 2mm) square white standard cotton rubbing cloth;Then take a sample with a size of not less than 50mm×140mm along the warp and weft directions of the sample.After the sample and the rubbing cloth are placed under the specified standard atmospheric pressure for at least 4 hours,The crock rubbing cloth is placed on the head of the device, and the warp direction is consistent with the running direction of the friction head; then the sample is fixed on the platform of the friction meter, so that the length direction of the sample is consistent with the running direction of the friction head. The friction was started and the running speed was 1 reciprocating friction cycle per second for a total of 10 cycles.Under a suitable light source, the number of stains of the rubbing cloth was evaluated using a gray sample card for assessing staining. The warp...

Among the textile testing equipment, the insolation color fastness tester is relatively conventional, and it is also one of the most concerned of color fastness testing. This testing project is not difficult, but in the practical process, often encountered a variety of problems. Here we will analysis the common problems about national standard, ISO and AATCC color fastness test standard, for your reference. 1.What is the difference between blue wool sample 1-8 and L2-L9? Are they interchangeable? In GB/T 8427 and ISO 105 B02 standard, the blue wool samples 1-8 and L2-L9 have described in detail. They are all made of wool with 8 grades of blue label,The light fastness of each blue label is approximately twice that of the previous one. But they use different dyes and processes. Blue label 1-8 is dyed with eight dyes with different light fastness. Applicable to European exposure conditions specified in GB/T8427 and ISO105 B02 standard. L2-L9 is a kind of raw fiber dyed with two dyes, and the dyed two fibers are made into L2-L9 in different proportions. Applicable to us exposure conditions specified in GB/T8427 and ISO 105 B02 standard. And it is applicable to AATCC TM 16 standard. Therefore, blue label 1-8 and  L2-L9 cannot be mixed, and the test results cannot be exchanged. 2.The light color fastness tester has the relative humidity in the chamber, why is it necessary to calibrate the humidity control standard sample? At present, most of the light color fastness tester can display the relative humidity in the chamber. However, in GB/T 8427 and ISO 105 B02 standard, the humidity in the cabinet is calibrated daily using the humidity control standard. The reason is that the relative humidity in the chamber is not the "relative humidity", but the "effective humidity". Effective humidity is also called the absolute humidity. It is combining the air temperature, the surface temperature of the sample and the relative humidity of the air that determines the moisture content of the sample surface during the exposure process. "Effective humidity" directly affects the light fastness test results of humidity sensitive samples. So GB and ISO standards stipulate that the humidity in the chamber should be checked every day. The humidity control sample is cotton fabric dyed with red azo dye. The use method is as follows: A.Taking A piece of humidity control cloth(no less than 45×10mm) and blue wool standard sample be mounted on a cardboard and placed in the middle of the sample clip as far as possible. B. Expose partially covered humidity control samples and blue wool samples at the same time until the color difference between the exposed and unexposed parts of the humidity control samples reaches level four. C. At this time, the standard blue wool sample is used to evaluate the color difference between the humidity control cloth and the standard blue wool sample of which grade. For example, under the general condition of European standard insolation conditio...

On March 29, 2019, the Hong Kong Official Gazette published the revised Notice of the Toys and Children's Products Safety Regulations, updating the product safety standards in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2. The Ordinance stipulates that no one shall manufacture, import or supply toys or children's products that do not meet the safety standards specified in Schedule 1 or 2. 1. Schedule 1 amended: Repealed  ISO 8124-1: 2014 by ISO 8124-1: 2018; Repealed ISO 8124-1: 2014 by ISO 8124-4: 2014 (A1: 2017); Repealed BS EN 71-3: 2013 + A1: 2014 by BS EN 71-3: 2013 + A3: 2018; Repealed BS EN 71-7: 2014 by BS EN 71-7: 2014 + A2: 2018; Repealed BS EN 71-8: 2011 by BS EN 71-8: 2018; Repealed BS EN 71-14: 2014 by BS EN 71-14: 2014 + A1: 2017. 2.  Schedule 2 amended: Children’s fence: Subtitule ASTM F1004-18 for ASTM F1004-16b; Children´s Cots and Folding Cots for Domestic Use: Subtitute BS EN 716-1: 2017 for BS EN 716-1: 2008 + A1: 2013; subtitute BS EN 716-2: 2017 for BS EN 716-2: 2008 + A1: 2013; Children’s high chairs: Subtitute BS EN 14988: 2017 for BS EN 14988-1: 2006 + A1: 2012 and subtitute BS EN 14988-2: 2006 + A1: 2012; ASTM F404- 18 for  ASTM F404-17; Children paints: repealed BS EN 71-3: 2013 + A1: 2014 by BS EN 71-3: 2013 + A3: 2018; Children’s fence: Substitute ASTM F406-17 for  ASTM F406-15. The new revison will become official on the 1st October 2019.

On April 2019, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) published a new version of European standard EN 71-3:2019, Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements. This standard will be given the status of a national standard and the conflicting national standards will be withdrawn by October 31, 2019 at the latest. The current harmonized standard for the migration of specific elements of the EU Toy Safety Directive is EN 71-3:2013+A3:2018. But EN 71-3:2019 is expected to be harmonized under the Toys Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) when accepted by the European Commission (EC) and published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU).

According to the statistics of World Health Organization (WHO), flame burns are the 11th cause of death and 12th cause of disease in children aged 5-14 years worldwide. And, the textiles with flame retardant function has become the focus of attention. So what is the flame retardant properties of textiles? Material burning performance The "flame retardancy" does not mean that the textile after flame retardant finishing will not burn when it contacts the source, but for the fabric can reduce its flammability as much as possible in the fire, slow down the spread speed, and does not form large-area combustion. And after leaving the flame, it can quickly extinguish itself, no longer burning or smoldering. Those protective fabrics that prevent themselves from being ignited or that slow down and terminate combustion after exposure to flames or hot objects are flame retardant fabrics. Classes of flame retardancy of fabrics (1) fiber flame retardant: direct production of flame retardant fiber or flame retardant fiber with high temperature fabric, with permanent flame retardant; (2) post-finishing flame retardant: chemical modification or fire-retardant post-finishing of textiles has a low cost, but the flame retardant generally decreases or disappears with the increase of service life and washing times. Test method for flame retardancy of fabrics The flame retardant test method of the fabric is different according to different conditions. Common test methods are: vertical combustion method, 45°combustion method, horizontal combustion method, limit oxygen index method, etc. Fabric flame retardant tester: 45 Degree Automatic Flammability Tester GT-C32 Horizontal Flammability Tester GT-C34A Horizontal Flame Chamber GT-C34B Vertical Flammability Chamber GT-C35

GESTER Instruments introduces some little common sense about shoes. 1. How to distinguish the quality of outsole? There are various outsole material for leather shoes, such as polyurethane, modified polyvinyl chloride etc. The property of flex resistance, abrasion resistance and hardness of outsole are all specified in national industry standard. When choosing the shoes, the outsole should be with elasticity when pressed. And check if any  small piece falling off from the bottom when pulling it. Also, it shouldn’t be sticky when touching, should be soft when bending. The quality failure in outsole is a common phenomenon nowadays, the cracking and massive falling off happen occasionally. The reason why it occurs is coming from the sole manufacturer, pursuing more profits and regardless of the quality, which makes the quality failure. GESTER owns below testers for the performance of that: Shoes Flexing Tester GT-KA01-3, EN Sole Flexing Tester GT-KB06. 2.How to distinguish the quality of steel shanks? What is the function for it? Each leather shoes exists one piece of steel shanks, except flats and wedges. It is installed between the outsole and the midsole of the sole and It is the backbone of the shoe, which maintains the bottom curvature and stabilizes the heel. The standard requires the performance of Longitudinal bending stiffness and hardness. When picking shoes, you can use your hand to press the foot part of the shoe moderately, the best condition is that is will not becoming soft or deformed.  After wearing, if you find that the heel is skewed or feeling uncomfortable, you can check whether the hook is broken or not. The application: Steel Shanks Stiffness Tester GT-KB46 3. Why leather shoes are always with low glue-intensity? It’s very common that adhesive leather uppers and bottoms are not firmly bonded. There are many reasons for unglued, mainly due to the selection of raw materials in the factory and improper control of the process. The rubber sole and the leather can be glued with neoprene, and the imitation leather bottom and the polyurethane bottom with more resin components are difficult to be effective, and it is necessary to use a polyurethane finger glue or other adhesive to adhere. Because an adhesive is not suitable for any material. Before the bonding, the sole and the upper should be ground and raised, multi-passed and baked, and pressed with a press to bond. The adhesion to the shoes is the peel strength. The adhesion of leather shoes is controlled by the peel strength index, which is measured by GT-KC41 Shoe Peeling Strength Tester. 4. Is it reliable to use cardboard as insole ? In the past, the insole of leather shoes was made from pig and cow bottom leather. Natural leather resources are now reduced. Substitute materials are used to replace certain natural materials. Insole cardboard for shoes is widely used at home and abroad. The shoe insole with good quality have hygroscopicity, gas permeability, flexing...