1. About yarn Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking.A generic term for yarn and thread, it is a long, thin, soft and continuous strip with a certain strength, it is made of textile fibers, including single yarns and ply yarn. 2. What is the twisting？ Fibres are arranged around an axis by means of twist. Twisting adds strength to the yarns. Twisting, in yarn and rope production, process that binds fibres or yarns together in a continuous strand, accomplished in spinning or playing operations. The direction of the twist may be to the right, described as Z twist, or to the left, described as S twist,including. 3.The following four parameters are of importance when discussing twist in yarn: A. Direction of twist B. Twist level/ Amount of twist C. Twist angle D. Twist multiplier 4. Twisting process A. Single yarn Single yarn is formed by twisting fibres or filaments in one direction. B. Ply yarn Ply yarn is made by twisting two or more single yarns together, usually by combining singles twisted in one direction with a ply twist in the opposite direction. It is stronger and more resistant to abrasion than single yarns. Twine, cord, or rope can be made with a cable twist, each twist in the opposite direction of the preceding twist (S/Z/S or Z/S/Z), or with a hawser twist, the single yarns and the first ply twist in one direction and the second ply twist in the opposite direction (S/S/Z or Z/Z/S). The number of turns per unit of length in a yarn affects the appearance and durability of fabric made from that yarn. Yarns used for soft-surfaced fabrics have less twist than those used for smooth-surfaced fabrics. Yarns made into crepe fabrics have maximum twist. 5.EXPRESSION OF TWIST Amount of twist expressed in 1) Twist Per Inch(TPI) 2) Twist Per Meter(TPM) 3) Twist Per Centemeter(TPC) TWIST FACTOR OR TWIST MULTIPLIER The twist factor or twist multiplier is a measure of twist, which accounts for the yarn radius as well as the twist level. TM=TPC√tex or TM=TPI÷√Ne 6. FACTORS AFFECTING TWIST The twist introduced in the yarn during spinning depends upon a number of factors, such as follows: A. The count of yarn to be spun B. The quality of cotton used C. The use to which the yarn is put- is the yarn meant to be used as warp yarn or weft yarn, knitting yarn or any other yarn. D. The fineness of the fibre being spun F. The softness of the fabric into which the yarn is to be converted 7. YARN TWIST In practice, yarn twist is described using three main parameters: (a) twist direction (b) twist factor or twist multiplier And (c) twist level (turns/unit length). 8. Function of twist in yarn structure: A yarn must have sufficient tensile strength to withstand the stresses of preparation and fabric manufacture. Without twist a strand of fibers has very little strength. . The main function of twist is to be bind the fibers together and help...

Discussion On Color Fastness To Rubbing Rubbing fastness refers to the resistance of the color of textiles to abrasion or staining to other textiles, is one of the most important indexes in the color fastness of textiles, that is, the degree of fading of dyed fabric after friction, which can be divided into dry and wet rubbing. Rubbing fastness plays an important role especially. The assessment is divided into 5 levels (authenticity number), of which 5 means a very high rubfastness and level 1 a very low. The color fastness to rubbing is so important, as a professional testing organization or professional inspector; we should have a deeper understanding of the color fastness to rubbing test, so that our test results are close to the true value of the sample. Standards for rubbing color fastness test Chinese Standard: GB/T 3920 International standard: ISO 105 X12/X16 American Standard: AATCC 8/AATCC 116 Japanese standard: JIS L0849 Type I /Type II Commonly used equipment for rubbing color fastness test a. Crockmeter Rubbing Fastness Tester GT-D05 Application: Crockmeter Rubber Fastness Tester is used to determine the colour fastness of textiles to dry or wet rubbing. A pinned acrylic sample holder ensures rapid sample mounting and repeatability of results.AATCC Crockmeter Standards: BS 1006-D02, ISO 105-X12/D02, M&S C8, AATCC 8/165, ASTM D6279, JIS L 0849 Type1,JIS L 0862 Type1 B. Circular Rubbing Colour Fastness Tester GT-KC52 Application: This Rubbing Colour Fastness Tester is used for assess colored materials friction damage and surface color transfer. It is suitable test the upper materials, such as leather, plastics and fabric etc. Standards: BS EN 13516 Method B, SATRA PM8,QB/T 1619-2018 annex B, ISO 17700 Method B c. (Gakushin) Color Fastness To Rubbing Tester GT-D06 Application: Rubbing fastness tester used for evaluating a material's resistance to rubbing motion. Unit is a six station, benchtop machine which includes clamps for sample attachment to moving platen and clamps for weighted rubbing arm for attachment of rubbing material. Cycle counter automatically stops machine at end of test cycles. Test samples are visually evaluated. Standards: JIS L0823, JIS L0849 Type2, JIS L1006, JIS L1084, JIS L 0862 Type2, JIS 10801, TSL5100G Section 4.8.1A, QB/T1646

EU Published The Toy Safety Standard EN 71-3:2019+A1:20211: Migration Of Certain Elements On 14 April 2021, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) published the toy safety standard EN 71-3:2019+A1:20211: Migration of certain elements. All members of the CEN have to adopt and publish their national standard by 31 October 2021. The European and International Standard establishes requirements and test methods for the migration of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, Chromium (III), Chromium (VI), cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, strontium, tin, organic tin and zinc from toy materials and from parts of toys. This standard is intended for harmonization in support of the Toys Directive in Europe. It will be given the status of a national standard of CEN member states, and conflicting national standards will be replaced by the end of October 2021 at the latest. Compared with the previous version, this time mainly revised the migration limit of aluminum element, as follows: 1. Class I toy materials: the migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 5625 mg/kg to 2250 mg/kg; 2. Class II toy materials: The migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 1406 mg/kg to 560 mg/kg; 3. Class III toy materials: the migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 70,000 mg/kg to 28130 mg/kg GESTER Toys safety tester meet with standards ISO 8124, EN 71, ASTM F963,16 CFR 1500 and test for shape, size, contour, spacing as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy. Toys Flammability Tester GT-M17 Standards: EN 71-2 ,ISO 8124-2,GB 6675.3 EN 16890-2017 Section 7 Toy Kinetic Energy Tester GT-M18B Standards: ISO 8124-1 section 5.15GB6675-2 section 5.15 EN-71-1 section 8.24 ASTM F963 section 8.1 Sharp Edge Tester GT-MB01 Sharp Edge Tester Standards: EN 71-1 ASTM F963 16CFR 1500 ISO 8124-1GB 6675-2

In accordance with the principle of “informed, voluntary and consent” for Covid vaccination, the leaders of GESTER Company organized to go to the vaccination site and took the lead to participate in the vaccination. What are the benefits of Covid vaccination ？ One is to protect yourself. Vaccines can stimulate the body's immunity, even if it is infected, it can effectively reduce severe illness and mortality. The second is to defend the country. When enough people are vaccinated, the transmission chain of the virus will be interrupted and herd immunity will be realized.   According to the prompts from the staff, all GESTER employees carefully read the precautions for the vaccination schedule and make an appointment in advance. Bring ID card, mobile phone and other items. It is best not to vaccinate on an empty stomach. Wear loose clothes on the day of Covid vaccination to facilitate vaccination and wear a mask. At the time of Covid vaccination, the doctor will help us determine whether the vaccination is possible ; carefully read and sign the informed consent form. All employees wear masks throughout the process, line up methodically, and Keep a good distance. After the vaccination, we stayed in the observation area of the vaccination site for 30 minutes.   After 30 minutes, you can leave the vaccination site if you have no symptoms; all Gester employees have no adverse reactions.   Through the organization of Covid vaccination activities, all employees of GESTER said that vaccinating can reduce the risk of infection. The more people vaccinated, the more herd immunity can be formed, and they also can contribute their own strength to defeat the Covid virus. 

catching c? Color Assessment Cabinet For Fabric: Colors appear differently under different lighting sources. To avoid/reduce the assessment error when performing color contrast, we can use of a Light Booth / Viewing Booth / Color Light Box to simulate different light sources to obtain an objective assessment of color and color difference, anytime, anywhere.  Why need use olour matching light boxlight booth for color matchingHere you can see the feature of color assessment cabinets : 1. Color Assessment Cabinet for Fabricrender more accurately. With 6 different light sources (D65, TL84, CWF, F, UV, U30), which can detect the metamerism. 2. Colour matching light box: Meets or exceeds major international standards for visual color evaluation including: ASTM D1729, ISO3664, DIN, ANSI and BSI. 3. Easy to operate by using individual switches for each light source. 4. Elapsed time meter for tracking optimal lamp replacement. 5. Automatically alternating among light sources. 6. No warm-up time or flickering which insures quick and reliable color judgment. 7. Economic power consumption and low heat generation for high light efficiency

Time flies, with a flick of a finger, GESTER ushered in its 24th anniversary. Gester Instruments Co.,LTD is professionally engaged in production and R&D of physical properties testing equipment. With many years experience in research and development, we specialize in providing the total solutions of Toys and Baby Stuff Testing Equipment, Textiles Testing Equipment, Footwear Testing Equipment, Furniture Testing Equipment, Protective and Mask Testing Equipment etc. GESTER is determined to become the best tester supplier in China. We will insist the principle of Innovation, Exploitation and Enterprising, keep on improving our design level , developing and refreshing our products. We depend on higher quality, better sales and after sales service to serve our customers, our persistent effort will helps us to win the favor of the whole world and become the top testing manufacture in China.     Wish GESTER gets better and better!

What is the light fastness Color fastness to light, also known as light fastness, refers to textiles that are usually exposed to light during use. Light can destroy dyes and cause the well-known "fading", which makes colored textiles discolored, generally lighter and darker. What is the color fastness to light machine test principle The textile and a set of blue wool standard samples are exposed to artificial light sources under specified conditions, and then the color change of the sample is compared with the blue wool standard sample to evaluate the color fastness. What is the color fastness to light machine test standard At present, there are mainly three commonly used standards for testing light fastness: GB/T 8427, ISO 105-B02, AATCC 16.3. GESTER Instrument: Light Fastness Testing Machine GT-D02A-1 Factors affecting light fastness The main factors that affect the fading of the sun include light, the molecular structure of the dye, the focus state of the dye, the depth of dyeing, the color matching of the dye, the auxiliaries required for the dyeing process, the characteristics of the fiber, and the locality. Methods to improve color fastness to light 1. The choice of dyes: dyes with high light fastness are preferred, which can prevent or reduce the occurrence of photooxidation reactions; 2. In the color matching of dyes, select component dyes with equivalent light fastness to ensure the light fastness level; 3. The fixing agent has a close relationship with the light fastness of the dye. The use of non-surfactant ammonium salt type fixing agent and reactive fixing agent can effectively improve the light fastness. Main products: nylon, cotton and light color, fluorescent color products.

First of all, let’s talk about the color fastness test to washing. The washing fastness tester is also called the color fastness to washing, or the color fastness to soaping. It is used to assess the color fade and the color of the original fabric during the soap washing process. Staining the lining. The principle of the test is to sew textile samples with one or two specified standard lining fabrics, place them in soap or soap and anhydrous carbon-sodium mixture, perform mechanical agitation under specified time and temperature conditions, and then After cleaning and drying. Use the original sample as a reference sample, and use a gray sample card or instrument to evaluate the discoloration of the sample and the staining grade of the lining fabric. Secondly, what we want to talk about is the water fastness test. The so-called water fastness is also called the water stain fastness, which is to assess the discoloration of the original fabric and the staining of the lining after the fabric is soaked in water. The principle of the test is to sew a textile sample with one or two specified standard lining fabrics, immerse it in water, squeeze out the water, and place it in the middle of the two plates of the test device under specified pressure. After a certain period of time, take it out The sample and the lining fabric are dried, the original sample is used as the reference sample, and the gray sample card or instrument is used to evaluate the discoloration of the sample and the staining grade of the lining fabric. The color fastness to washing test can use the GT-D07 color fastness tester produced by GESTER Company, which is controlled by LCD counter display, and the composite cup mode can be customized according to customer requirements. It conforms to ISO, BS, AATCC, JIS and SDC And other standards. The color fastness to water test can choose the GT-D09 perspiration tester, stainless steel test frame and weights produced by our company, which is durable.