1. About yarn Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking.A generic term for yarn and thread, it is a long, thin, soft and continuous strip with a certain strength, it is made of textile fibers, including single yarns and ply yarn. 2. What is the twisting？ Fibres are arranged around an axis by means of twist. Twisting adds strength to the yarns. Twisting, in yarn and rope production, process that binds fibres or yarns together in a continuous strand, accomplished in spinning or playing operations. The direction of the twist may be to the right, described as Z twist, or to the left, described as S twist,including. 3.The following four parameters are of importance when discussing twist in yarn: A. Direction of twist B. Twist level/ Amount of twist C. Twist angle D. Twist multiplier 4. Twisting process A. Single yarn Single yarn is formed by twisting fibres or filaments in one direction. B. Ply yarn Ply yarn is made by twisting two or more single yarns together, usually by combining singles twisted in one direction with a ply twist in the opposite direction. It is stronger and more resistant to abrasion than single yarns. Twine, cord, or rope can be made with a cable twist, each twist in the opposite direction of the preceding twist (S/Z/S or Z/S/Z), or with a hawser twist, the single yarns and the first ply twist in one direction and the second ply twist in the opposite direction (S/S/Z or Z/Z/S). The number of turns per unit of length in a yarn affects the appearance and durability of fabric made from that yarn. Yarns used for soft-surfaced fabrics have less twist than those used for smooth-surfaced fabrics. Yarns made into crepe fabrics have maximum twist. 5.EXPRESSION OF TWIST Amount of twist expressed in 1) Twist Per Inch(TPI) 2) Twist Per Meter(TPM) 3) Twist Per Centemeter(TPC) TWIST FACTOR OR TWIST MULTIPLIER The twist factor or twist multiplier is a measure of twist, which accounts for the yarn radius as well as the twist level. TM=TPC√tex or TM=TPI÷√Ne 6. FACTORS AFFECTING TWIST The twist introduced in the yarn during spinning depends upon a number of factors, such as follows: A. The count of yarn to be spun B. The quality of cotton used C. The use to which the yarn is put- is the yarn meant to be used as warp yarn or weft yarn, knitting yarn or any other yarn. D. The fineness of the fibre being spun F. The softness of the fabric into which the yarn is to be converted 7. YARN TWIST In practice, yarn twist is described using three main parameters: (a) twist direction (b) twist factor or twist multiplier And (c) twist level (turns/unit length). 8. Function of twist in yarn structure: A yarn must have sufficient tensile strength to withstand the stresses of preparation and fabric manufacture. Without twist a strand of fibers has very little strength. . The main function of twist is to be bind the fibers together and help...

Discussion On Color Fastness To Rubbing Rubbing fastness refers to the resistance of the color of textiles to abrasion or staining to other textiles, is one of the most important indexes in the color fastness of textiles, that is, the degree of fading of dyed fabric after friction, which can be divided into dry and wet rubbing. Rubbing fastness plays an important role especially. The assessment is divided into 5 levels (authenticity number), of which 5 means a very high rubfastness and level 1 a very low. The color fastness to rubbing is so important, as a professional testing organization or professional inspector; we should have a deeper understanding of the color fastness to rubbing test, so that our test results are close to the true value of the sample. Standards for rubbing color fastness test Chinese Standard: GB/T 3920 International standard: ISO 105 X12/X16 American Standard: AATCC 8/AATCC 116 Japanese standard: JIS L0849 Type I /Type II Commonly used equipment for rubbing color fastness test a. Crockmeter Rubbing Fastness Tester GT-D05 Application: Crockmeter Rubber Fastness Tester is used to determine the colour fastness of textiles to dry or wet rubbing. A pinned acrylic sample holder ensures rapid sample mounting and repeatability of results.AATCC Crockmeter Standards: BS 1006-D02, ISO 105-X12/D02, M&S C8, AATCC 8/165, ASTM D6279, JIS L 0849 Type1,JIS L 0862 Type1 B. Circular Rubbing Colour Fastness Tester GT-KC52 Application: This Rubbing Colour Fastness Tester is used for assess colored materials friction damage and surface color transfer. It is suitable test the upper materials, such as leather, plastics and fabric etc. Standards: BS EN 13516 Method B, SATRA PM8,QB/T 1619-2018 annex B, ISO 17700 Method B c. (Gakushin) Color Fastness To Rubbing Tester GT-D06 Application: Rubbing fastness tester used for evaluating a material's resistance to rubbing motion. Unit is a six station, benchtop machine which includes clamps for sample attachment to moving platen and clamps for weighted rubbing arm for attachment of rubbing material. Cycle counter automatically stops machine at end of test cycles. Test samples are visually evaluated. Standards: JIS L0823, JIS L0849 Type2, JIS L1006, JIS L1084, JIS L 0862 Type2, JIS 10801, TSL5100G Section 4.8.1A, QB/T1646

EU Published The Toy Safety Standard EN 71-3:2019+A1:20211: Migration Of Certain Elements On 14 April 2021, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) published the toy safety standard EN 71-3:2019+A1:20211: Migration of certain elements. All members of the CEN have to adopt and publish their national standard by 31 October 2021. The European and International Standard establishes requirements and test methods for the migration of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, Chromium (III), Chromium (VI), cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, strontium, tin, organic tin and zinc from toy materials and from parts of toys. This standard is intended for harmonization in support of the Toys Directive in Europe. It will be given the status of a national standard of CEN member states, and conflicting national standards will be replaced by the end of October 2021 at the latest. Compared with the previous version, this time mainly revised the migration limit of aluminum element, as follows: 1. Class I toy materials: the migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 5625 mg/kg to 2250 mg/kg; 2. Class II toy materials: The migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 1406 mg/kg to 560 mg/kg; 3. Class III toy materials: the migration limit of aluminum has been changed from 70,000 mg/kg to 28130 mg/kg GESTER Toys safety tester meet with standards ISO 8124, EN 71, ASTM F963,16 CFR 1500 and test for shape, size, contour, spacing as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy. Toys Flammability Tester GT-M17 Standards: EN 71-2 ,ISO 8124-2,GB 6675.3 EN 16890-2017 Section 7 Toy Kinetic Energy Tester GT-M18B Standards: ISO 8124-1 section 5.15GB6675-2 section 5.15 EN-71-1 section 8.24 ASTM F963 section 8.1 Sharp Edge Tester GT-MB01 Sharp Edge Tester Standards: EN 71-1 ASTM F963 16CFR 1500 ISO 8124-1GB 6675-2

First of all, let’s talk about the color fastness test to washing. The washing fastness tester is also called the color fastness to washing, or the color fastness to soaping. It is used to assess the color fade and the color of the original fabric during the soap washing process. Staining the lining. The principle of the test is to sew textile samples with one or two specified standard lining fabrics, place them in soap or soap and anhydrous carbon-sodium mixture, perform mechanical agitation under specified time and temperature conditions, and then After cleaning and drying. Use the original sample as a reference sample, and use a gray sample card or instrument to evaluate the discoloration of the sample and the staining grade of the lining fabric. Secondly, what we want to talk about is the water fastness test. The so-called water fastness is also called the water stain fastness, which is to assess the discoloration of the original fabric and the staining of the lining after the fabric is soaked in water. The principle of the test is to sew a textile sample with one or two specified standard lining fabrics, immerse it in water, squeeze out the water, and place it in the middle of the two plates of the test device under specified pressure. After a certain period of time, take it out The sample and the lining fabric are dried, the original sample is used as the reference sample, and the gray sample card or instrument is used to evaluate the discoloration of the sample and the staining grade of the lining fabric. The color fastness to washing test can use the GT-D07 color fastness tester produced by GESTER Company, which is controlled by LCD counter display, and the composite cup mode can be customized according to customer requirements. It conforms to ISO, BS, AATCC, JIS and SDC And other standards. The color fastness to water test can choose the GT-D09 perspiration tester, stainless steel test frame and weights produced by our company, which is durable.

This Stroller Handle Tester is suitable for baby trolley simulation over the barrier when the lifting and under the action of the durability test, Baby Stroller Handle Durability Tester satndards: EN 1888-2012 Section 8.10.6.2.2, 8.10.6.2.3; GB14748-2006 Section 5.12 Baby Trolley Handle Durability Tester Test method: 1. First place the weight in the baby trollley and firmly fixed it in the seat. 2.After power on, adjust the position of armrest clamp by manual, and then place the baby trolley on the test platform, fix the armrest with the clamp, so that the baby trolley can be on the test platform stably. 3.In the manual interface, pre-pressed  the armrest to measure the height of the front wheel under a certain force value. 4.Then select A/B mode to test according to the test requirements.

ISTA test: The purpose and significance of packaging testing is to improve the reliability of the packaging goods, so that we can know whether the packaging of the product can achieve the expected effect or not. The testing includes many aspects. There are different international regulatory agencies and regulatory standards for packaging and transportation testing (ISTA), box structure, paper quality, environmental protection (hazardous substances, recycling) and other aspects. ISTA test items Series I: Do not simulate transportation tests at all, including ISTA1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H Series II: Partial simulated transportation test, including Series III : fully simulated transport test, including ISTA3A ,3E,3F,3H The test items include environmental pretreatment, pressure, drop, constant frequency vibration, stacking vibration, random vibration, horizontal extrusion, rotating drop, etc. ISTA Corresponding testing instruments for testing items Transportation Vibration Tester Drop & Falling Tester Box Compression Tester Incline Impact Tester ISTA Related other packaging testing instruments Bursting Strength Tester Crush Tester Packing Clamping Force Tester GESTER Instruments specializes in R&D, production, sales and after-sales services of packaging testing equipment and packaging transportation testing equipment.If you have any interest or question, please contact email address is :sales@gester-instruments.com

The paper packaging and transportation test is designed to protect the product from reaching its destination safely. In fact, packaging, transportation, distribution and packaging processing is a huge and complex process, and the quantity is huge and different. The simulation test in the laboratory will be a simple, fast, effective and low-cost method to evaluate the performance of the packaging protection design in actual use conditions. The tested paper packaging can ensure that it meets the indicators of various countries for its stability, environmental protection, and recycling. So what are our common Paper And Packaging Material Testing Instruments? Crush Tester Machine For Corrugated Boxes GT-N09 Crush Tester Machine is well-designed using modern mechanical design theory and human engineering design criteria and micro-process. Edge crush test machine standards: ISO 3035, ISO 3037, ISO 7263, TAPPI-T472, TAPPI 811, TAPPI T838, JIS-P8126, GB/T 2679.8, GB/T 6546, GB/T 6548, GB/T 2679.6 Four-column Carton Compression Tester (computer control) GT-N02D Box compression tester is used to determine the cargo capacity and stacking height of the carton. Corrugated Box Testing Equipment is suitable for the compression and holding test of various packages and cartons. Capacity：0-10KN, 20KN, 30KN, 50KN. 70KN, 100KN (Optional) Automatic Bursting Strength Tester (High-pressure) GT-N29C Bursting Strength Tester Perfect for carton, paperboard, corrugated board, cigarette packet, beer case, shoebox, milk carton, plastic hollow plate, leather, fabric, high strength aluminum foil and copper foil. Bursting strength tester of corrugated box standards: ISO2759, GB/T 1539, GB/T 6545, TAPPI T810, JIS P8131, TAPPI T807 Incline Impact Tester GT-N49 Incline Impact Tester test the ability of product against impact damage in the real environment, such as handling, stacking of shelves, sliding motor, loading and unloading of locomotives, transportation of products, etc. Packaging Incline Impact Testing Standards: ASTM D880, ISTA Package Carton Single Wing Falling Tester GT-LC05-1 The Single Wing Falling Tester is designed to test the damage of product packaging and to evaluate the impact resistance during transport. Carton Drop Test Machine Standards： ISO 2248, JIS Z0202, GB / T4857.5, ISTA

The baby stroller rotation tester is used to measure the locking strength and durability of the connection device of the test object after the stroller is tilted at a certain angle under a certain restraint weight. Baby Stroller Rotation Testing Machine Feature: 1.The test platform with wheel axle fixing device. 2.The test platform can rotate clockwise and counter clockwise. 3.Automatic judgment of specimen damage, automatic stop working. 4.Programmable control rotation angle, test frequency, cycle test, spacing interval 5.Can autosave when interruption of power supply, can choose to stop or continue to work 6.High precision angle sensor, can display table angle in real time. Baby Stroller Testing Machine Rotating Test Satndards: EN 1888-2012 Section8.1.3.2.1 ,8.10.2, GB 14748-2006 Section 5.15 The operation method of the GESTER Child Vehicle Rotating Tester: 1.Put the weight on the seat of vehicles and fix it with the rope, so the weight won’t fall down during the test. 2.Turn on the power supply, lower the rotate platform to the lowest position at manual interface. Put the vehicle on the platform and fix the vehicle by rope too. 3.Lift the vehicle to the highest position, and start the test according to different test mode.